In ethiopia, the standard method of cervical cancer screening is using visual inspection with acetic acid via. While the knowledge and attitudes of the female health workers about cervical cancer screening. Also involved is a chief resident center at ababa medical school. Gynecologist paul blumenthal right, is helping to build a program in ethiopia to improve screening of cervical cancer. Prevalence of cervical cancer and associated risk factors among women attending cervical cancer screening and diagnosis center at yirgalem general hospital, southern ethiopia. Focus group discussions were conducted with men, women, and community leaders in the rural settings of jimma zone southwest ethiopia and in the capital city, addis ababa. At present the national cervical cancer prevention programme offers three cervical cytology smears per lifetime, starting after the age of 30 at 10year intervals. Cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated. The american cancer society guidelines for the prevention and. A guide for essential practice for health care providers. Women with cervical cancer may sometimes have unusual vaginal bleeding, spotting or discharge, or pain or bleeding during sex.
Since tash is the only oncology center for diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer patients in ethiopia, the finding can show how much number of women diagnosed in the study. Gossa and others published cervical cancer screening education in ethiopia. Learn more about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and outlook. Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practice of. However, the magnitude of cervical cancer screening is less than 1%. Diethylstilbestrol des and cancer national cancer institute.
Full text knowledge, attitude and practice towards. Vaccination against human papillomavirus, screening and treatment of pre cancer, early detection and prompt treatment of early invasive cancers and palliative care have proven to be. Background breast cancer and cervical cancer are the two leading cancers among women in ethiopia. These abnormal cells resemble cancer cells, but they do not invade nearby healthy tissue and are not cancer. Its mission is to build a health care system that is equipped, staffed, trained, and empowered to provide a full range of cancer prevention, screening, diagnostic, treatment, and care options to cancer patients in ethiopia. Health seeking behavior for cervical cancer in ethiopia. Introduction cervical cancer is the most common type of malignancy among all malignancies for women worldwide with 266 000 deaths every year.
The use of des declined after studies in the 1950s showed that it was not effective in preventing these problems. Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To assess knowledge of breast cancer and screening methods among nurses in university hospitals. Hailemariam t, yohannes b, aschenaki h, mamaye e, orkaido g, et al. Although cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer related morbidity and mortality among women in ethiopia, there is lack of information regarding the perception of the community about the disease. In ethiopia, the coverage of cervical cancer screening is only 1%. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine level of knowledge, attitude, practice and factors affecting these behavioral elements for prevention and control of cervical cancer in hossana town ethiopia.
Even though there is a proven importance of cervical cancer screening, the death of women due to cervical cancer in ethiopia is high. Addis ababa population based cancer registry, cervical cancer was the second. Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable causes of death resulting from cancer. It also is highly curable when found and treated early. Although populationbased data do not exist in the country except for addis ababa, it is estimated that the annual incidence of cancer is around 60,960 cases and the annual. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer. In ethiopia, the incidence of cervical cancer is high i. Accelerating cervical cancer elimination report by the directorgeneral cervical cancer.
Cancer control programs, and who publications on cervical cancer screening in developing countries, the international agency for research on cancer iarc who handbooks of cancer prevention, volume 10. Despite this fact, very few women receive screening services in ethiopia 9. Cervical cancer in sub sahara africa atara ntekim department of radiation oncology, college of medicine, university of ibadan nigeria 1. Cancer control plan to achieve the longterm goal of reducing cancer morbidity and mortality in ethiopia. Although cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer related morbidity and mortality among women. It was prescribed to pregnant women between 1940 and 1971 to prevent miscarriage, premature labor, and related complications of pregnancy.
Extent and predictors of delays in diagnosis of cervical. Addis ababa university c schoo acceptability of cervical. However, cervical cancer screening rate is not satisfactory in many countries including ethiopia. We, therefore, did this study to investigate the utilization of cancer screening and its associated factors among women. Local community networks in the fight against cervical cancer. Each year, approximately 12,000 women in the united states get. A populationbased cancer registry has been used in addis ababa the capital city since 2011. Availability of uptodate estimates on cancer incidence is important in guiding the national cancer control program in ethiopia.
Research open access health seeking behavior for cervical cancer in ethiopia. Despite the strong evidence that cervical cancer screening results in decreased mortality from this. Ethiopian experience in cervical cancer screening using see and treat approach. Research open access health seeking behavior for cervical. Des daughters have an increased risk of developing abnormal cells in the cervix and the vagina that are precursors of cancer dysplasia, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous intraepithelial lesions. Every minute one woman is diagnosed with cervical cancer which is one of the greatest today to womens health today. Prevalence of cervical cancer and associated risk factors.
Cervical cancer screening guidelines for averagerisk women. Cervical cancer, subsaharan africa, patient interval, ethiopia, hiv introduction cervical cancer. Pdf comprehensive knowledge about cervical cancer is low. Another facility based study done on reproductive health clients in addis ababa had showed that 81. Decline in cervical cancer incidence and mortality in new south wales in relation to control activities australia. Cervical cancer screening coverage, % age and screening interval, reference 3. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality has been drastically reduced in high resource countries during the last decades. More recent declines in young women may be associated with human papillomavirus hpv vaccine uptake. Nevertheless, there are many barriers to establishing cervical cancer screening programs in ethiopia. Addis tesfa april 2010 cervical cancer is a global public health problem accounting for almost 300,000 deaths annually.
Ethiopia to benefit from new cervicalcancer diagnostic tool. Introduction cervical cancer is fully preventable and curable, at low cost and at low risk, when screening to facilitate the timely detection of early precursor lesions in asymptomatic. Measures to raise awareness about cervical cancer, to increase screening and to shorten the time interval from recognition of symptoms to diagnosis are urgently needed. Selfcollection based human papillomavirus hpv testing is assumed to improve the uptake of screening, especially for hard to reach populations. Both incidence and mortality can be reduced by detecting precancerous lesions then prompt treatment which can prevent its progression, thereby increasing patient survival. The vast majority of cervical cancerrelated deaths are among women that have never been screened. Because cervical precancers have no signs or symptoms and early cervical cancer rarely has any, either its important for women to have regular cervical cancer screening. Aug 19, 2019 this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening and associated factors among female students of wollega university, western ethiopia in 2017. Purpose noncommunicable diseases, prominently cancer, have become the second leading cause of death in the adult population of ethiopia. It may be followed by other tests like a pap for triage. Guideline document cervical cancer screening in south africa 2015 cervical cancer remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in south africa. Uptake of precervical cancer screening and associated factors among. The cervical cancer screening programme in norway, 19922000. Full text knowledge, attitude and practice towards cervical.
Knowledge, attitude and practice for cervical cancer. April 2016, however, there is no evidence on cervical cancer screening uptake in the study area. Jul 31, 2015 prior to implementation of a screening program in addis ababa universityaffiliated hospitals in ethiopia, a survey was conducted to assess knowledge of cervical cancer etiology, risk factors, and screening, as well as attitudes and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among womens health care providers. Together with ethiopia s federal ministry of health and stanfords program for international reproductive education and services, we improved care for a very treatable condition, cervical pre cancer, if diagnosed early.
National guideline for cervical, oral and breast cancer. Although data from developing countries are limited and less reliable, recent evidence has shown. Therefore, screening with cytology alone every 3 years for 20 years after the initial posttreatment surveillance for women with a hysterectomy is reasonable. Selfcollectionbased human papillomavirus hpv testing is assumed to improve the uptake of screening, especially for hard to reach populations. Ethiopian women typically present for cancer care at a late stage in the disease, where treatment is likely ineffective. Assessment of cervical cancer services and cervical cancer related. However, currently in ethiopia cervical cancer screening test for women age 3049 years and hiv positive. Local community networks in the fight against cervical. In ethiopia, cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer among women aged 15 to 44years old. Human papillomavirus and related diseases report kenya. Yet in low and middle income countries where access to such measures is limited, cervical cancer remains a. Yet, limited is known about patterns of cancer and risk factors for advanced stage cancers in ethiopia. Uptake of cervical cancer screening in ethiopia by selfsampling.
We investigated whether hpv dna testing with the selfcollection of cervical samples would be associated with increased uptake and. In ethiopia, cervical cancer ranks as the 2nd most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age. Cervix cancer screening, and the upcoming who comprehensive cervical cancer control. Moreover, a selfcollected sample for hpv dna testing was found to be acceptable and.
Study among reproductive health service clients in addis ababa shows 3. Factors affecting utilization of cervical cancer screening. Records show that of the nearly 22 million ethiopian women over the age. Request pdf on jan 1, 2017, sefinew migbaru abate and others published trends of. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer after breast cancer among women in ethiopia, affecting around 7600 women annually.
Every year, 4648 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and of this, 3,235 ends with death. Barriers to utilisation of cervical cancer screening in sub. This can be largely attributed to the implementation of screening programs for the detection of precancerous lesions and hpv and improved therapy 1, 2. Cervical cancer, health seeking behavior, ethiopia background cervical cancer cc is an important public health problem worldwide. The concerned body should aggressively disseminate information on cervical cancer screening, improve the economic status of women, and provide counseling about cervical cancer during health care delivery visits. Cervical cancer screening is an effective measure to enhance the early detection of cervical cancer for prevention. In ethiopia breast cancer is the second most often occurring cancer among women. The american cancer society guidelines for early detection of cervical cancer do not apply to women who have been diagnosed with cervical cancer or cervical pre cancer. Trends of cervical cancer in ethiopia request pdf researchgate. Who guidelines for screening and treatment of precancerous lesions for cervical cancer prevention. Cervical cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and.
This project increased access to and use of cervical cancer prevention services among hivpositive women in ethiopia. Knowledge about cervical cancer screening and its practice among female health care workers in southern ethiopia. Dec 29, 2012 although cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer related morbidity and mortality among women in ethiopia, there is lack of information regarding the perception of the community about the disease. Barriers to utilisation of cervical cancer screening in. Generally, worldwide trends show that developing countries going through rapid societal and economic changes. Introduction cervical cancer is fully preventable and curable, at low cost and at low risk, when screening to facilitate the timely detection of.
Primary hrhpv testing is defined as a standalone test for cervical cancer screening without concomitant cytology testing. Knowledge about cervical cancer screening and its practice. National guideline for cervical cancer screening programme. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical. Diethylstilbestrol des is a synthetic form of the female hormone estrogen. Early diagnosis is especially important for breast cancer because the disease responds best to treatment before it has spread. Estimates of cancer incidence in ethiopia in 2015 using. Women screened for the first time at age 55 or more will have only one smear if first smear is normal. Ethiopia since 2014, grounds for health has worked in ethiopia, the country considered by many as the origin of coffee, to integrate high quality cervical cancer screening and preventive therapy services at local health facilities. Cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated factors.
This study investigated knowledge and attitudes related to these two types of cancer among women. It is also preventable and treatable which is what makes each death a tragedy. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding cervical. Planning and implementing cervical cancer prevention and. Cervical cancer screening service has been offered to highrisk groups in ethiopia since 20. National and provincial collegues within the department of health the south african institute for medical research womens health project cancer association of south africa. Introduction cervical cancer is a major public health problem in developing countries like ethiopia. Cervical cancer has now become highly preventable due to advancements in the screening tests and the vaccines to prevent human papillomavirus hpv infections are available and. The practice of cervical cancer screening was found to be 2. While there are different methods of community mobilisation, in ethiopia community conversations during traditional coffee ceremonies appear to be a context appropriate and effective method. Continued screening for 20 years is recommended in women who still have a cervix and a history of cin 2 or higher. Cancer of the cervix is the leading cause of cancer related death next to breast cancer.
Pdf cervical cancer screening education in ethiopia. Knowledge of cervical cancer was significantly greater among women aged 3049 years, and those employed, married for 15. We, therefore, did this study to investigate the utilization of cancer screening and its associated. The american cancer society guidelines for the prevention. Who library cataloguinginpublication data who guidelines for screening and treatment of precancerous lesions for cervical cancer prevention. Knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening. Ethiopia has no standard policy or protocol for cervical cancer screening rather it is patchy or inconsistent. Knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer screening and. Cervical cancer is preventable and, in most cases, curable, if identified in its early stages. Cervical cancer is one form of cancer that can be prevented.
It is the third most common cancer in women accounting for approximately 12% of all cancer cases 1. In ethiopia, cervical cancer is a public health concern, as it is the second. Cervical cancer screening knowledge and barriers among women in. Utilization of cervical cancer screening and associated. The mean of the attitudes of the respondents about cervical cancer screening was between 4. Who guidelines for screening and treatment of precancerous. Cervical cancer screening is a means for early detection and treatment of the problem before it advances to a later stage. Both primary and secondary preventive services are available but utilisation remain low. This test specifically identifies hpv 16 and hpv 18, while concurrently detecting 12 other types of high risk hpvs. The study revealed utilization of cervical cancer screening service was low.
Just over 85% had heard of cervical cancer and 76% had heard about the pap smear. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer screening and associated factors among female hawassa university college of medicine and health sciences students. National guideline for cervical cancer screening programme author. Knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer screening. Assessment of knowledge of breast cancer and screening. These women should have followup testing and cervical cancer screening as recommended by their health care team. Uptake of cervical cancer screening in ethiopia by self. Knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer in ethiopia predictors of advanced stage. Prior to implementation of a screening program in addis ababa universityaffiliated hospitals in ethiopia, a survey was conducted to assess knowledge of cervical cancer etiology, risk factors, and screening. In the case of ethiopia cervical cancer screening practices is low, study among female health care providers shows 17% of them ever screened for cervical cancer. Mar 14, 2019 however, there are various factors that affect the utilization of cervical cancer screening services by women 710. Cervical cancer, subsaharan africa, patient interval, ethiopia, hiv introduction cervical cancer incidence and mortality has been dras. In ethiopia, cervical cancer is a public health concern, as it is the second most cause of cancer deaths among reproductive age women and it affects the countrys most vulnerable groups like.
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